Bible Heaven/Bible Heaven.iso/robertsn/rwp-tit/tit1.rwp

Text File | 1993-03-13 | 11KB | 197 lines

1:1 {According to the faith of God's elect} (\kata pistin
eklektôn theou\). Here \kata\ expresses the aim of Paul's
apostleship, not the standard by which he was chosen as in #Php
3:14|; a classic idiom, repeated here with \epignôsin, eusebeian,
epitagên\, "with a view to" in each case. For "God's elect" see
#Ro 8:33; Col 3:12|. {The knowledge} (\epignôsin\). "Full
knowledge," one of Paul's favourite words. For the phrase see
#1Ti 2:4|. {Which is according to godliness} (\tês kat'
eusebeian\). "The (truth) with a view to godliness." The
combination of faith and full knowledge of the truth is to bring
godliness on the basis of the hope of life eternal.

1:2 {God who cannot lie} (\ho apseudês theos\). "The non-lying
God." Old adjective (\a\ privative and \pseudês\), here only in
N.T. See #2Ti 2:13|. In Polycarp's last prayer. {Promised}
(\epêggeilato\). First aorist middle indicative of \epaggellô\.
Antithesis in \ephanerôsen de\ (manifested) in verse #3| (first
aorist active indicative of \phaneroô\). Same contrast in #Ro
16:25; Col 1:26|. {Before times eternal} (\pro chronôn aiônôn\).
Not to God's purpose before time began (#Eph 1:4; 2Ti 1:9|), but
to definite promises (#Ro 9:4|) made in time (Lock). "Long ages
ago." See #Ro 16:25|.

1:3 {In his own seasons} (\kairois idiois\). Locative case. See
#1Ti 2:6; 6:15|. {In the message} (\en kêrugmati\). See #1Co
1:21; 2:4| for this word, the human proclamation (preaching) of
God's word. {Wherewith I was intrusted} (\ho episteuthên\).
Accusative relative \ho\ retained with the first aorist passive
indicative of \pisteuô\ as in #1Ti 1:11|. See #1Ti 2:7|. {Of God
our Saviour} (\tou sôtêros hêmôn theou\). In verse #4| he applies
the words "\tou sôtêros hêmôn\" to Christ. In #2:13| he applies
both \theou\ and \sôtêros\ to Christ.

1:4 {My true child} (\gnêsiôi teknôi\). See #1Ti 1:2| for this
adjective with Timothy. Titus is not mentioned in Acts, possibly
because he is Luke's brother. But one can get a clear picture of
him by turning to #2Co 2:13; 7:6-15; 8:6-24; 12:16-18; Ga 2:1-3;
Tit 1:4f.; 3:12; 2Ti 4:10|. He had succeeded in Corinth where
Timothy had failed. Paul had left him in Crete as superintendent
of the work there. Now he writes him from Nicopolis (#Tit 3:12|).
{After a common faith} (\kata koinên pistin\). Here \kata\ does
mean standard, not aim, but it is a faith (\pistin\) common to a
Gentile (a Greek) like Titus as well as to a Jew like Paul and so
common to all races and classes (#Jude 1:3|). \Koinos\ does not
here have the notion of unclean as in #Ac 10:14; 11:8|.

1:5 {For this cause} (\toutou charin\). In N.T. only here and
#Eph 3:1,14|. Paul may be supplementing oral instruction as in
Timothy's case and may even be replying to a letter from Titus
(Zahn). {Left I thee in Crete} (\apeleipon se en Krêtêi\). This
is the imperfect active of \apoleipô\, though MSS. give the
aorist active also (\apelipon\) and some read \kateleipon\ or
\katelipon\. Both are common verbs, though Paul uses \kataleipô\
only in #1Th 3:1| except two quotations (#Ro 11:4; Eph 5:31|) and
\apoleipô\ only here and #2Ti 4:13,20|. Perhaps \apoleipô\
suggests a more temporary stay than \kataleipô\. Paul had
apparently stopped in Crete on his return from Spain about A.D.
65. {That thou shouldest set in order} (\hina epidiorthôsêi\).
Late and rare double compound (inscriptions, here only in N.T.),
first aorist middle subjunctive (final clause with \hina\) of
\epidiorthoô\, to set straight (\orthoô\) thoroughly (\dia\) in
addition (\epi\), a clean job of it. {The things that were
wanting} (\ta leiponta\). "The things that remain." See #3:13; Lu
18:22|. Either things left undone or things that survive. In both
senses the new pastor faces problems after the tornado has
passed. Parry takes it "of present defects" in Cretan character.
{And appoint} (\kai katastêsêis\). Final clause still and first
aorist active subjunctive of \kathistêmi\, the word used in #Ac
6:13| about the deacons. The word does not preclude the choice by
the churches (in every city, \kata polin\, distributive use of
\kata\). This is a chief point in the \epidorthôsis\ (White).
{Elders} (\presbuterous\). See #1Ti 3:2; 4:17|. {As I gave thee
charge} (\hôs egô soi dietaxamên\). First aorist (constative)
middle imperative of \diatassô\, clear reference to previous
personal details given to Titus on previous occasions.

1:6 {Blameless} (\anegklêtos\). In a condition of first class.
Used in #1Ti 3:10| of deacons which see. {That believe}
(\pista\). Added to what is in #1Ti 3:4|. "Believing children."
{Not accused of riot} (\mê en katêgoriâi asôtias\). See #1Ti
5:19| for \katêgoria\ and #Eph 5:18| for \asôtia\. "Not in
accusation of profligacy." {Unruly} (\anupotakta\). See #1Ti
1:9|. Public disorder, out of doors. See also verse #10|.

1:7 {The bishop} (\ton episkopon\). Same office as "elder" in
#1:5|. "Elder is the title, oversight is the function" (B.
Weiss). {As God's steward} (\hôs theou oikonomon\). See #1Co
4:1f.| for Paul's idea of the bishop (elder) as God's steward
(cf. #1Co 9:17; Col 1:25; Eph 3:2; 1Ti 1:4|). {Not self-willed}
(\mê authadê\). Old word (from \autos, hêdomai\), self-pleasing,
arrogant. In N.T. only here and #2Pe 2:10|. {Not soon angry}
(\orgilon\). Old adjective from \orgê\ (anger). Here only in N.T.
Vulgate, _iracundum_. For "brawler" and "striker" see #1Ti 3:2|.
{Not greedy of filthy lucre} (\aischrokerdê\). "Not greedy of
shameful gain." Used of deacons in #1Ti 3:8|, \aphilarguron\ used
of elders in #1Ti 3:3|.

1:8 {A lover of good} (\philagathon\). Late double compound
(\philos, agathos\). See Wisdom 7:22. Here only in N.T. Just
(\dikaion\), holy (\hosion\) not in #1Ti 3|. {Temperate}
(\egkratê\). Old and common adjective (\en, kratos\, strength),
having power over, controlling, here only in N.T. Picture of
self-control.

1:9 {Holding to} (\antechomenon\). Present middle participle of
\antechô\, old verb, to hold back, in middle to hold oneself face
to face with, to cling to, as in #1Th 5:14|. {The faithful word}
(\tou pistou logou\). See #1Ti 1:15; 6:3; Ro 16:17|. Some would
see a reference here to Christ as the Personal Logos. {That he
may be able} (\hina dunatos êi\). Final clause with present
active subjunctive. Paul several times uses \dunatos eimi\ in the
sense of \dunamai\, with infinitive as here (#Ro 4:21; 11:23; 2Ti
1:12|). {The gainsayers} (\tous antilegontas\). Present active
participle of \antilegô\, old word, to answer back, as in #Ro
10:21|. "The talkers back."

1:10 {Vain talkers} (\mataiologoi\). Late and rare compound,
empty talkers, in Vett. Val. and here. See #1Ti 1:6| for
\mataiologia\. {Deceivers} (\phrenapatai\). Late and rare
compound, in papyri, eccl. writers, here alone in N.T.
"Mind-deceivers." See #Ga 6:3| for \phrenapatâin\. {Specially
they of the circumcision} (\malista hoi ek tês peritomês\). Same
phrase in #Ac 11:2; Ga 2:12; Col 4:11|. Jews are mentioned in
Crete in #Ac 2:11|. Apparently Jewish Christians of the Pharisaic
type tinged with Gnosticism.

1:11 {Whose mouths must be stopped} (\hous dei epistomizein\).
Literally, "whom it is necessary to silence by stopping the
mouth." Present active infinitive \epistomizein\, old and common
verb (\epi\, \stoma\, mouth), here only in N.T. To stop the mouth
either with bridle or muzzle or gag. {Overthrow}
(\anatrepousin\). Old and common verb, to turn up, to overturn.
In N.T. only here and #2Ti 2:18|. In papyri to upset a family by
perversion of one member. {Things which they ought not} (\ha mê
dei\). Note subjective negative \mê\ with indefinite relative and
indicative mode. {For filthy lucre's sake} (\aischrou kerdous
charin\). The Cretans are given a bad reputation for itinerating
prophets for profit by Polybius, Livy, Plutarch. Paul's warnings
in #1Ti 3:3,8; 6:5| reveal it as "a besetting temptation of the
professional teacher" (Parry). See verse #7| above. Disgraceful
gain, made in shameful ways.

1:12 {A prophet of their own} (\idios autôn prophêtês\). "Their
own prophet." Self-styled "prophet" (or poet), and so accepted by
the Cretans and by Cicero and Apuleius, that is Epimenides who
was born in Crete at Cnossos. It is a hexameter line and
Callimachus quoted the first part of it in a Hymn to Zeus. It is
said that Epimenides suggested to the Athenians the erection of
statues to "unknown gods" (#Ac 17:23|). {Liars} (\pseustai\). See
#1Ti 1:10| for the word. The Cretans had a bad reputation on this
line, partly due to their claim to having the tomb of Zeus. {Evil
beasts} (\kaka thêria\). "Wicked wild beasts." Lock asks if the
Minotaur was partly responsible. {Idle gluttons} (\gasteres
argai\). "Idle bellies." Blunt and forceful. See #Php 3:19|
"whose god is the belly" (\hê koilia\). Both words give the
picture of the sensual gormandizer.

1:13 {Testimony} (\marturia\). Of the poet Epimenides. Paul
endorses it from his recent knowledge. {Sharply} (\apotomôs\).
Old adverb from \apotomos\ (from \apotemnô\, to cut off), in N.T.
only here and #2Co 13:10|, "curtly," "abruptly." It is necessary
to appear rude sometimes for safety, if the house is on fire and
life is in danger. {That they may be sound} (\hina hugiainôsin\).
Final clause with \hina\ and present active subjunctive of
\hugiainô\, for which verb see on »1Ti 1:10|.

1:14 See #1Ti 1:4| for \prosechô\ and \muthois\, only here we
have _Jewish_ (\Ioudaikois\) added. Perhaps a reference to the
oral traditions condemned by Christ in #Mr 7:2-8|. See also #Col
2:22|, apparently Pharisaic type of Gnostics. {Who turn away from
the truth} (\apostrephomenôn\). Present middle (direct)
participle of \apostrephô\, "men turning themselves away from the
truth" (accusative according to regular idiom). "The truth" (#1Ti
4:3|) is the gospel (#Eph 4:21|).

1:15 {To them that are defiled} (\tois memiammenois\). Perfect
passive articular participle of \miainô\, old verb, to dye with
another colour, to stain, in N.T. only here, #Jude 1:8; Heb
12:15|. See \memiantai\ (perf. pass. indic.) in this verse.
\Molunô\ (#1Co 8:7|) is to smear. {Unbelieving} (\apistois\). As
in #1Co 7:12f.; 1Ti 5:8|. The principle or proverb just quoted
appears also in #1Co 6:12; 10:23; Ro 14:20|. For the defilement
of mind (\nous\) and conscience (\suneidêsis\) in both Gentile
and Jew by sin, see #Ro 1:18-2:29|.

1:16 {They profess} (\homologousin\). Present active indicative
of \homologeô\, common verb (\homou, legô\) as in #Ro 10:10f|.
\Eidenai\ (know) is second perfect active infinitive of \oida\ in
indirect assertion. {By their works} (\tois ergois\).
Instrumental case. {They deny} (\arnountai\). Present middle of
\arneomai\, old verb, common in the Gospels and the Pastoral
Epistles (#1Ti 5:8; Tit 2:12; 2Ti 2:12|). {Abominable}
(\bdeluktoi\). Verbal adjective from \bdelussomai\. Only in LXX
and here. {Disobedient} (\apeitheis\). See #Ro 1:30|. {Reprobate}
(\adokimoi\). See on »1Co 9:27; Ro 1:28|.